V-ing Phrases

句型 : S1+V1 and S2+V2 -> S1+V1, S2 + V2ing

Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm.
>Jim hurt hid arm playing tennis.

You were feeling tired. So you went to bed early.
>Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
PS : If the -ing phrase is first, we write a comma(,) after it.

When two things happen at the same time, you can use -ing for one of the verbs.
Carol is in the kitchen making coffee. (=she is in the kitchen and she is making coffee)
A man ran out of the house shouting. (=he ran out of the house and he was shouting)
Do something! Don't just stand there doing nothing.

We also -ing when one action happens during another action. We use -ing for the longer action.
The longer action is the second part of sentence :
>Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.(= while he was playing)
>Did you cut yourself shaving?(= while you were shaving)

You can also use -ing after while or when :
>Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.
>Be careful when crossing the road. (= when you are crossing)

When one action happens before another action, we use having done for the first action :
>Having found a hotel, we looked for someplace to have dinner.
>Having fished her work, she went home.

You can also say after -ing
>After finishing her work, she went home.

If one short action follows another short action, you can use simple -ing from(doing instead of having done) for the first action.
>Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

These structures are used more in written English than in spoke English.

You can use the an -ing phrase to explain something or to say why somebody does something.
The -ing phrase usually come first
>Feeling tired, I went to bed early. = because I felt tired
>Being unemployed, he doesn't have much money. = because he is unemployed
>Not having card, she find it difficult to get around. = because she doesn't have car
>Having already seen the movie twice, I didn't want to go to the movie. = because I had already seen it twice.